Ah, it's in the Guardian...
It must be true
It is not just the Guardian:
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-01-09/london-activists-ramp-up-fight-against-deadly-air-pollution/8168076
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-20664807
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/nearly-9500-people-die-early-in-a-single-year-in-london-as-a-result-of-air-pollution-study-finds-10390729.html
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-35629034
Yes, over different years, and not directly academic papers, but reports from those who have studied the same story; it remains the same!
Air pollution in London has definitely improved since the Victorian age and the period leading up to the 1950's, but it really needed to. We still are not there yet, with much more needing to be done to stop us all wrecking our human lives.
This is how it once was:
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/gallery/2012/dec/05/60-years-great-smog-london-in-pictures
Now we must bring the "Cleaner London" project bang up to date, as the Mayor of London is doing. Why not?
Coal was everywhere back in the fifties, Lizzie.......as your links prove.
Looking on the bright side though coal gave paid employment to seven year old children during the earlier Victorian era. I believe that some are still missing.
Yes, coal was King and still a very crucial fuel in the 1950s for the fading Empire. Tens of thousands, maybe a million or so (no one knows precisely during the 1800's as records were not generally kept) died to produce this "gold". Just read this short account of the Durham mining area and you get a flavour of the true price of coal, including many child deaths - not forgetting the number killed by "environmental causes" away from the pits:
http://www.dmm.org.uk/pitwork/html/deaths.htmConcentrate particularly on this piece within the overall document-
"A trapper, only 10 years old killed in an explosion.
A horse driver aged 11. Crushed by horse.
A driver, aged 14 fell off limmers and was crushed between the tubs and a door.
A token keeper aged 14. Crushed by surface wagons on branches.
A screenboy aged 12. Crushed by surface wagons.
A trapper aged 12. Crushed by tubs.
A driver aged 12. Horse fell on him.
A bank boy aged 11. Caught by cage.
A driver aged 12. Head crushed between tub top and a plank while riding on limmers.
A trapper aged 13. Head crushed between cage and bunton while riding to bank.
Boy aged 7, [Not Employed]. Run over by wagons while taking his father's dinner to the works.
An engine Lad aged 15. Wrapped around the winder, of an engine.
Tub Cleaner, aged 13. Fell down the shaft off a pumping engine.
Boy aged 14, drowned.
Boy, aged 7. Killed in an explosion.
Trapper , aged 9. Killed in an explosion.
Water Leader, aged 12. Fall of stone.
Heron, Henry Ord, 24 Sep 1903, aged 7.
Driver, aged 14. Crushed against wall by a horse.
Screen Boy, aged 15. Head crushed between a tub and screen legs ; too little room."
No doubt there were many who believed all this was very worthwhile for the "benefits" achieved!
That is why we must continue to clean up our act as humans for the sake of the future generations