2G or 3G, I believe - the mobile network.
So .. line your meter cabinet with lead sheet that you've nicked off the local church roof and you're golden.
Though IIRC in the US they are starting to use meters that communicate back (unencrypted, naturally) over the powerlines themselves (hey, Kevin, ethernet over powerline! You HAM guys love that, right? ) so you'd have no option but to cut off your own electricity and live like a hermit in SLady bitshorpe a cave.
Fortunately, that sort of poor technology won't work with the supply infrastructure in the UK, so they are using mobile phone tech.
This reminds me. My supplier sent me a letter before Christmas announcing that I need to contact them to arrange to have one fitted. I was about to go on holiday, so my response was "meh".
If they happen to turn up with one while I'm in, then happy days, but it's of no benefit to me, so I'm not going to waste time negotiating their call centre, and then have to take time off work for them to turn up and fit it. Actually, my fixed rate runs out next month, so they might want to wait a while, just in case.