There should be a "bypass" path fitted inside the boiler which will allow some water to flow between the heating flow & return circuits without damaging the boiler. I say should be as some older ones didn't have them.
One of the rads (usually the one in the vicinity of the thermostat) should be fitted without a TRV and effectively sets the temp as measured by the stat. This is the rad that should get hottest.
The pump should continue to run for a while after the burners have switched off - this removes some of the heat in the assembly - which would rise otherwise if the pump stopped as soon as the burner cutoff.
Mines got one, with a valve.....i've shut it off, as the rad in the bathroom doesnt have a thermostat on it and all the other rads (except 2 bedrooms rads, mine not included) have the thermostats fully open. I let the room stat in the dining room control the room temp. Result of doing that, the bedroom rads get a lot hotter than were before.
If i ever move again, i will open up the valve again, in case some numpty turns off all the rad stats and shuts the bathroom rad off and turns the heating on