Did the piston back off ok when you put the new pads in, and was it free on the sliders. I would open the bleed on the offending caliper as I was levering the pads apart just to check that it is indeed seized. If you can open the pads with the bleed open, after closing the bleed I would press the brake pedal to see if the pads went back ok. I would then use a tube in a bottle or eezibleed to make sure that fluid was passing through the abs pump and out of that caliper. I know this is obvious to you but I recently misdiagnosed, on initial inspection, a seized caliper, which on my second inspection turned out to be a faulty abs pump not letting the fluid through. This was different though, as the left hand caliper wasn't working at all.
I found Brakes International in Rochdale very competitive for remanufactured/rebuilt calipers and their customer service was spot on.
Edit:
Just reread this part of your post so it makes the checks above, regarding pumping fluid through the abs pump and out of the caliper bleed, even more relevant.
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The pads on the other side had loads of life in them as they were not moving in the caliper/carrier. ......