1) This is due to "older" type chargers that didn't regulate the voltage applied, only the current passed. High voltages can destroy modern electronics. So a charger that limits VOLTAGE will not damage your Omega
2) "Charge rate" is the CURRENT (amps) supplied, even old type chargers regulate that, usually crudely by measuring the heat the charger produces (high current = hot charger).
A "flat" battery has no internal resistance so is able to draw a high current, this could cause the battery to "boil" so the charger switches off for a while until everything cools down, then starts charging again ... . As the battery builds up charge the internal resistance (also called Back EMF) increases, this resistance causes the voltage to rise, just the same as when your alternator is running BUT .. BIG BUT .. your alternator has a built in voltage regulator that limits the voltage to around 14.3-14.7 .... cheap chargers don't ... so the voltage can rise and rise .... this won't damage the battery but COULD damage the car electronics.
A "modern" charger like the CTEK 3600
http://www.ctek.com/EN-GB/Buy-Charger.aspx?charger=mxs3600is designed to control both voltage and current
3) As Kevin says ... a small solar panel won't ever get high enough to cause damage, but a large one might ... I use a 55watt panel when carvanning ... that will produce voltages in excess of 25 v on a sunny day with no regulation ... but it's 3ft x 2ft and has a controller attached !!!
HTH