. I was driving and when I pressed the brake nothing happened, pedal straight to the floor. Second, panicked, press had them working fine. I got home and went to find the cause only to find one of the front pads had gone. Pad material had separated and vacated the car.
I had the very same thing happen on the wife's Golf, luckily it was me driving and I was going slow....foot to the floor and lights flashing on the dash, I grabbed the handbrake and pumped the pedal and suddenly all was normal. Drove a bit further (as I was on dual carriageway) and on next application heard the sound of metal on metal. Drove home cautiously and when I looked at the pad ALL the friction material had gone from one side.
Looking on the internet it seems it is not that uncommon an occurrence nowadays!!
Nice!!! 
Hmmm. That would seem to add up. Bit like the first press of the pedal after they've been worked on, after a pad change or whatever, as the pistons are pushed back to get the pads out and new ones in. First thing you do on an auto is press the brake pedal to turn the key and engage gear etc. So your guaranteed to do the safety check of pressing the brakes after a brake service etc.
Not the case on a manual as the first thing you habitually do is press the clutch, most likely.
On bikes there's a couple of instances that spring to mind from this. One is a tank slapper. Usually on track, if the rider slides the rear and has a moment, as the rear snaps back into line its said it can shake the handle bars so violently the forks can flex or twist in a torsion motion. That puts pressure on the brake pads as discs move off centre in the caliper, which pushes the pads back in the caliper.
If the rider stays on, he then arrives at the next corner and runs on, because theres no brakes. He pumps the lever and gets brakes on the second press., as the pistons are pushed out to the disc again. But too late to make the corner.
The other instance is a recall on the Yamaha R1. First model. Due to an issue with the pad material not binding correctly to the metal backing.
So for the op, check your pads. Although surely there would be an audible grinding of pad metal on disc?