Vapour trail question

[Raeturbo]

Nice, good write up here too

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/scientists-have-discovered-new-state-matter-water-180961546/

[aaronjb]

Water has four states:

Cold, hot, my skin is melting (whenever SWMBO has been in the shower before me) and "for making tea" (which is very close to the temperature she has the shower)

[TheBoy]

Speaking of RC planes... I just came across this...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VgJkfPWyH_E

That reminds me, I have a HK Bixler I need to finish off (radio configuration) and give it a maiden flight...

...I've only had it since Christmas

[Kevin Wood]

Speaking of RC planes... I just came across this...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VgJkfPWyH_E

I could have done without the footage of the bloke in his Y-fronts half way through ..

Sorry. Must have missed that bit.

[Rods2]

1. Water has four phases: i) Ice, ii) Exclusion Zone - EZ (Pronounced EeeZee), iii) Liquid, iv) Gas

2. Clouds differ from water vapour H₂O where they contain bulk water H₂O & EZ which is H₃O₂ & negatively charged. A good example is on a hot sunny date by a lake or seashore where there is lots of water vapour but you can get just a single small cloud & that is because it is different.

3. Ice is a hexagonal crystal & EZ is also a hexagonal structure and even as a liquid EZ also provides the hexagonal nodes for the building up of surface water that freezes to form the snow flake with their hexagonal fractal structures. Whereas Ice crystal lattices are linked HOH which locks them together as a solid, EZ link as a HO lattice like slightly offset layers of paper.

EZ are also what bounds a rain drop and EZ boundaries are typically about 2 million atoms deep, unlike the previous wrong understanding of a boundary or surface tension of two atoms deep. The reason it is call "Exclusion Zone" is that in experiments using either dyes or micro beads, the EZ area is clear as they are excluded by this hexagonal lattice. Nobody knows what the structure of liquid H₂O is yet.

Professor Gerald H Pollack who is an international leader in muscle contraction & mobility, has written a new unifying approach to cell function in his book "Cell, Gels and the Engines of life", which I just bought but haven't read yet & his latest work & book is "The Fourth Phase of Water" which I'm reading at the moment. The books are very readable & his experiments very interesting in their simplicity along with his very good & watchable videos below.

Here is a 30 minute video on The Fourth Phase of Water:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i-T7tCMUDXU

or this longer video at 1h 25 minutes where he discusses its central role in cell function:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3YyJKqpWKPo

In my question 1, I deliberately asked what are the common states of water as there are also uncommon states for ice with 18 types now identified. The latest is only formed at very high pressures & temperatures as this National Geographic article explains:

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2019/05/bizarre-hot-ice-xviii-seen-on-earth-superionic-uranus-neptune/?cmpid=org%3Dngp%3A%3Amc%3Dsocial%3A%3Asrc%3Dfacebook%3A%3Acmp%3Deditorial%3A%3Aadd%3Dfb20190508science-superionicicematter%3A%3Arid%3D&sf212350364=1

These also show yet again, how little is settled in science, where the understanding gets revised all the time as more is learnt.

[Vectrahed]

One was alot lower than you thought 

it was either a contrail or a chemtrail.