I will try Zulu, but I am sure you know it was, and still is, a very complex issue that goes back for centuries.
But from the introduction of British troops into Northern Ireland violence was the norm, and a continuation of the 1922 troubles in certainly one important respect: the creation of a united Ireland. The British Government of the day did not wish that to happen, so given almost unlimited support to the Unionists.
So Bloody Sunday was one of many incidents that were an unnecessary use of army firepower causing death and further resentment which the actions of the UK Government could have avoided but did not for their own reasons. The very presence of the British Army caused violence to flare up, and successive governments were just repeating the past British bloody approach to Ireland in general. Catholics resented their presence, and increased the use of violence, which further agitated the Unionists. Instead of political dialogue we had violence feeding violence. Those who live by the sword die by the sword, and that is what developed in NI due to successive governments trying hard to hold on to a bad situation that was crying out for dialogue, and who didn't want to be seen talking to the "terrorists", the IRA, and really didn't want to be seen by the Unionists to be understanding of what all parties wanted, and what could be delivered politically.
Both sides in this awful conflict committed astrocities, and suffered. The achievement of peace in the end is one thing that Tony Blair can be proud of, but the previous governments actions must be questionable.
Thanks Lizzie. I asked a slightly unfair question as (you have pointed out) there is an extensive history contained within that small part of the country.
It was a fundamentally intractable problem that still remains so today. There may be no overt displays of violence as in the past, but many attitudes remain locked in that same confrontational mode.
This situation is far from settled and I have no doubt that we will see further violence in the near future from both Republican and 'Loyalist' sources.
This was always a difficult problem for successive British Governments to deal with, although it must be said that the period following partition up to the mid 60's Westminster didn't really have much input as there was a duly elected government in place at Stormont. (Whether those successive Stormont Governments held justifiable or effective office is a topic for another discussion)
Over those years Republican violence in the form of the Marxist Irish Republican Army (later to be the Official IRA but unconnected with the legitimate armed forces of the Irish Republic) were largely quiescent only indulging in acts of violence every 10 to 15 years or so all of which were successfully dealt with by the Royal Ulster Constabulary and the Ulster Special Constabulary (a paramilitary reserve force)
So there was always a history in dealing with the 'troublesome rebels' locally.
The sea-change in public opinion felt there and throughout the western world in the mid part of the 60's that resulted from people becoming better educated, having a more liberated attitude and being prepared to display their dissatisfaction by using violence really was the first time Westminster had to become actively involved in the politics of Northern Ireland.
The years leading up to 1973 when the Stormont Parliament was prorogued and direct rule from Westminster introduced were some of the most violent of the 'troubles'. Had the British Army not been present the RUC would have had a very difficult task in trying to contain widespread community violence.
This period forced military planners to develop new strategies as conventional tactics were oriented towards battlefield confrontation not urban guerrilla warfare so there was a sharp learning curve to be traversed with many mistakes made along the way.
Had James Callaghan not deployed military forces when he did, that province would have descended into civil anarchy that would have spilled over into the Irish Republic and western parts of Scotland.
I would submit therefore that far from being the problem in the recent history of Northern Ireland, Westminster (along with British forces) from Callaghan onward were the only viable solution to the raging problems there and not the causation of them.