When Gnat`s-whiskers and Fag-paper empirical quantifications are too crude, I use the Ångström which is a non-SI unit of length that is internationally recognized, equal to 0.1 nanometre or 1×10[ch8722]10 metres. It is sometimes used in expressing the sizes of atoms, lengths of chemical bonds and visible-light spectra, and dimensions of parts of integrated circuits. It is commonly applied in structural biology. It is named after Anders Jonas Ångström.
The ångström is named after the Swedish physicist Anders Jonas Ångström (1814–1874), one of the founders of spectroscopy who is known also for studies of astrophysics, heat transfer, terrestrial magnetism, and the aurora borealis.
In 1868, Ångström created a spectrum chart of solar radiation that expresses the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum in multiples of one ten-millionth of a millimetre, or 1×10[ch8722]10 metres. This unit of length became known as the 'Ångström unit', and later simply as the ångström, Å.
The visual sensitivity of a human being is from about 4,000 ångströms (violet) to 7,000 ångströms (dark red) so the use of the ångström as a unit provided a fair amount of discrimination without resort to fractional units. Because of its closeness to the scale of atomic and molecular structures it also became popular in chemistry and crystallography.
Although intended to correspond to 1×10[ch8722]10 metres, for precise spectral analysis the ångström needed to be defined more accurately than the metre which until 1960 was still defined based on the length of a bar of metal held in Paris. In 1907 the International Astronomical Union defined the international ångström by making the wavelength of the red line of cadmium in air equal to 6438.4696 international ångströms, and this definition was endorsed by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in 1927. From 1927 to 1960, the ångström remained a secondary unit of length for use in spectroscopy, defined separately from the metre, but in 1960, the metre itself was redefined in spectroscopic terms, thus aligning the ångström as a submultiple of the metre.
Since the ångström is now defined as exactly 1×10[ch8722]10 metres, there are therefore 10,000 ångströms in a micrometre (commonly called a 'micron', abbreviated [ch956]m, of which there are 1 million to a metre), and 10 in a nanometre (1 nm = 1×10[ch8722]9 metres).
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Topic: Smallest measurement (Read 1055 times)