TBH, the cyclist seemed determined to prove a point, and ended up with the bruises to show for it.

Going up the inside of the Golf when the lights were already changing was downright stupid, cycle lane or not. It was obvious that he was about to occupy a space that would soon be full of Golf. Not sure I'd have put myself at the Golf driver's mercy. He was lucky not to come unstuck there.
If the cyclist had been more assertive in claiming his piece of road before the narrow section, the driver of that shitty A class would have had no option but to hold back. In the position he was, however, of not being in command of the lane, a glance behind him to make sure the following traffic was sympathetic and then dropping back a few seconds on the realisation that it wasn't would have saved a potentially dangerous accident.
The A class driver clearly did the usual thing of driving through the cyclist as if he's not even there, on the assumption that there would be a hedge or something for him to disappear into, and, as the overtaking vehicle, he takes the blame, IMHO, but the cyclist could have avoided the accident by being a bit more defensive. He won't last long riding like that in that sort of traffic.